About 'saint thomas wikipedia'|Sacris Solemniis And Panis Angelicus. Corpus Christi Hymn Written By Saint Thomas Aquinas (1225 - 1274).
Lyme Regis is a small town on the southwestern coast of England with a complex geography and a rich history. A popular vacation sight, Lyme has long attracted visitors with its many antique shops, its wealth of fossils and other archaeological treasures, and the highly regarded stone wall surrounding its port. Dating back to Roman times, Lyme Regis abounds with a cultural and geographic heritage to capture the hearts and wonders of the world. History Admiral Sir George Somers was the mayor of Lyme Regis who also founded Bermuda. Lyme's twin city is St Georges of Bermuda, very different from its English counterpart. The first written documentation of Lyme Regis appeared in 776 AD when the West Saxon King Cynewulf gave the land along the River Lym to the monks of Sherborne Abbey (they set up a sea-salt manufacturing industry). Norman and Saxon influences on the Parish Church and its surrounding streets lend themselves to this time period. It is believed, however, that man has inhabited the area for thousands of years, with the Iron Age forts of Pilsdon Pen, Lamber's Castle, Blackberry Castle and Coney Castle providing evidence of the early settlements (www.lymeregis.com). Lyme takes its name from the River Lym. The Romans knew the area as Lym Supra Mare, and a Roman villa has been found in nearby Harcombe (www.lymeregis.com). It became known as Nether-Lym Supra Mare, however, from about 900 AD under the reign of Henry III, to distinguish it from "Uplyme," (www.soton.ac.uk/~Lyme-Regis-Town.htm). Further documentation of Lyme Regis appeared in the 1086 Domesday Book, the survey of England completed by William the Conqueror equivalent to our modern Census. (www.lymeregistourism.co.uk). In 1284, King Edward I granted the Royal Charter and added 'Regis' to the town's name, officially making it a borough. It was during the 13th century that the Cobb, the stone wall surrounding Lyme's harbour. The Cobb was of great economic importance to Lyme as it created a breakwater point that protected the city from storms. With the construction of the Cobb, Lyme became a major port and place of shipbuilding. The Cobb, however, did suffer severe storm damage that may have severely damaged (and possibly removed) areas of the town, especially near where the River Lim enters the sea (www.lymregistourism.co.uk). During the 16th century, the harbour and town itself were repaired. This may (on the writer's speculation) be related to the fact that in 1591, Queen Elizabeth I confirmed the Charter issued by King Edward I more than 300 years earlier. Regardless, the town has a distinct Elizabethan tradition stemming from this time. It was when the village was revived that a wool and linen industry also emerged, with weavers setting up cottage industries in their homes. The 17th century saw rebellion in Lyme Regis when, in 1644, during the English Civil War, Prince Maurice led the Royalists an eight week siege against the Parlimentarian townspeople. In 1685, Lyme housed the landing point for the Duke of Monmouth where he commenced what would be known as the Monmouth Rebellion (Wikipedia, Lyme Regis). The early 1700s saw a decline in Lyme's economic status, but was later rectified when local Thomas Hollis created the image of Lyme as a "health and holiday resort," (www.lymeregistourism.co.uk). Many of the Georgian and Victorian styled homes were built during this time period to accommodate the tourists who would come to visit. This saw the expansion of the town in a physical sense as the new homes and hotels took up quite a bit of space. The first walking paths were designed at this time by Hollis, including the Marine Parade which extends into Cobb hamlet. The popularity of this walking path would affect the layout of the town, as many seafront buildings were constructed along this path (www.lymeregistourism.co.uk). 1804 brought the great fire of Lyme Regis and the destruction that accompanied it. More than 50 houses burned in this fire, and the town's historic center was irreparably altered, with the meat market and Customs House completely destroyed. Jane Austen, who would later write about Lyme in her novels, was in the town at the time of the fire, and would later reference the event in letters to her sister. The 19th century saw further damage to Lyme, however, when in November of 1824 a storm his the town that required the rebuilding of the Cobb. This is the general shape the Cobb takes today. Perhaps Lyme's greatest claim to fame also emerged in the 19th century. Fossil hunting became the fashion in the 1800s and several major discoveries were made in Lyme Regis. Mary Anning earned a reputation for her discoveries of fossils in Lyme when, in 1811 - at the age of 12 - she discovered the first complete skeleton of an ichthyosaur. She also discovered the first complete skeleton of the plesiosaur in 1821. Anning was made an honorary member of the Geological Society of London (she was not eligible for membership because she was a woman) just months before succumbing to breast cancer at the age of 47. Anning's contributions to geological discoveres have made a permanent mark on Lyme, and have attracted visitors for the past 150 years, and there is an annual Mary Anning Day held in her honor. Fun fact: Anning is thought to be the subject of the tongue-twister "She sells seashells by the seashore," (wikipedia, Mary Anning). The 20th century saw little change in the shape of the town.. The private gardens near the seafront were acquired as public property in 1913 and 1965 respectively for the enjoyment of the people as well as to create a more definite separation between Cobb hamlet and the town. Today, Lyme Regis has expanded "into the hinterland, predominately onto higher ground, keeping away from the unstable coastal slopes," (www.lymregistourism.oc.uk). Lyme has become a popular tourist destination with its antique and fossil shops, museums, and the Cobb attracting visitors from all around. There are approximately 167 different places of accommodation in Lyme, including hotels, cottages, and campsites. Geography and Population Lyme Regis is situated in southwestern England in West Dorset on the Dorset-Devon border. The town lies on the Lyme Bay where a port was first established during the thirteenth century. The town lies in a valley "drained" by the River Lym (also spelled "Lim" or known as "Buddle" [www.soton.ac.uk/~Lyme-Regis-Town.htm]). The town itself is settled on a Liassic clay slope very near to sea level, which has created somewhat of a problem with land-slippage. The area immediately inland of the Marine Parade has been especially prone to "landslide movements," and such movements have been recorded in the past 70 years. The afore mentioned, now public gardens, Langmoor and Lister, are the results of attempts to deal with the issue of landslips. The Gardens are public in part because the land they are on is so difficult to keep. The cliffs and beaches surround Lyme are part of the Jurassic Coast, also called the Heritage Coast, a World Heritage Site (see the UNESCO World Heritage Centre's official site at: http://whc.unesco.org/). It is along this coast that the Blue Lias rock containing many of the fossils discovered is located. (Wikipedia, Lyme Regis). There is some theory of earthquakes and resulting tsunamis that have taken place in the Lyme Regis area. The following records were made available from www.soton.ac.uk/~Lyme-Regis-Town.htm: 1688: The Town of Lyme in Dorsetshire suffered by an earthquake 1759: 31st of May. Tsunami? "The sea flowed 3 times in an hour at Lyme" 1797: 18th Augus. Possible tsunami? "The sea as above attended by lightning" 1799: 26th January. Tsunami at Lyme Regis. "The sea flowed as above with the shock of an earthquake about 4 o'clock in the morning." 1863: October, first Tuesday in the month. 3.35 am. Earthquake. Violent shaking of beds for 2 seconds. Rumbling sound. The shock was most violent at Bridgeport Harbour, Burton, Chideock, Charmouth and Lyme Regis. The last record cites the earthquake taking place outside of Lyme. As for the tsunamis, it is difficult to determine by what standards the sea had been measured and by what standards a tsunami is measured. Certainly, modern perceptions of the phenomenon have been colored by the tsunami of South Asia that occurred in December of 2004. Lyme Regis is home to a very small population, 3,513 people as of the 2001 Census. Of those residents, 45% are retired. The primary source of economic income for the town is tourism. The Cobb The Cobb, the retaining wall surrounding the harbour that was once of tremendous economic importance to the town, is now one of Lyme Regis' main attractions. It is made of Port Admiralty Roach stone, which consists of almost 50% fossilized remains and is known for being highly resistant to the chemical effects of sea water (Wikipedia, Port Admiralty Roach). The Cobb is featured in the film, The French Lieutenant's Woman, and it is off of the Cobb that Louisa Musgrove takes her harrowing fall in Jane Austen's Persuasion. Prior to 1756 the Cobb was an artificial island at high tide, creating the speculation of why the harbour is such a striking distance from the old town (www.soton.ac.uk/~Lyme-Regis-Town.htm). The Cobb is an integral part of the history of Lyme Regis, and the key to the town's growth and success. The need for the harbour created by the Cobb first emerged when trade between England and France, particularly the Bordeaux, increased as a result of the marriage of Henry II to Eleanor of Aquitaine in the mid-twelfth century. The proximity of Lyme to Bordeaux (and the closing of the Axmouth harbour) greatly simplified the trade routes (www.soton.ac.uk/~Lyme-Regis-Town.htm). Lyme Regis fell out of use as a major port in the 19th century due because it was unable to handle the increased size of ships (Wikipedia, Lyme Regis). Today, the Cobb remains the primary defense of Lyme against the sea and a popular walking place of natives and tourists alike. Thought it has been destroyed and rebuilt several times, it seems that the only imminent threat to the Cobb is a dramatic change in the rate of the rising sea level. The Cobb, however, has withstood many storms in its current form in nearly 200 years, with Lyme Regis surviving behind it. Other Places of Interest Broad Ledge "The outcrop of a gentile anticline in Blue Lias limestones," near the Marine Parade and Cobb. At low tide, Broad Ledge is a very long reef connected to the shore at Black Beach. In the 19th century, Broad Ledge became a sight of quarrying for the Lyme stone trade, which had rather negative effects on the Church Cliffs behind it. The Church Cliffs were left unprotected from the waves when large chunks of Broad Ledge were removed (www.soton.ac.uk/~Lyme-Regis-Town.htm). St Michael's Church Saint Michael's is the parish church of Lyme and the burial place of Mary Anning and her family. It is situated atop the Church Cliffs and can be accessed through the archway on Church Street, up the steep steps of Long Entry or via the service road that overlooks Lyme Bay (Wikipedia, Lyme Regis). The church features a stained glass window in tribute to Marry Anning donated by members of the Geological Society of London in her honor. The Town Mill The town watermill dates back to 1340 and is currently in working order. It is a "lynch mill" as the water, fed from the River Lym, runs along a lynch (terrace). The mill is still central to the town, however, in a physical sense, as it is now surrounded by restaurants, art galleries, and shops (Wikipedia, Lyme Regis). *** Lyme Regis is the small town in southern England steeped in physical and cultural history. Spanning the reign of several kings and empires, withstanding physical tribulations, and adapting economically throughout the generations, Lyme has earned a place in history for its revolts, its port, the discoveries that have taken place there, and the overall beauty that remains a product of its past. Works Cited A Tourists Information Guide To The Historic Resourt of Lyme Regis, Dorset, UK. http://www.lymeregis.com/ "Lyme Regis." Official Lyme Regis Tourism Website. http://lymeregistourism.co.uk/ "Lyme Regis." Wikipedia: The Free Encyclopedia. http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lyme_Regis "Lyme Regis Town." Geology of the Wessex Coast. http://www.soton.ac.uk/~imw/Lyme-Regis-town.htm "Mary Annning." Wikipedia: The Free Encyclopedia. http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mary_Anning "Portland Admiralty Roach." Wikipedia: The Free Encyclopedia. http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Portland_Admiralty_Roach |
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